Background: There is increasing interest in the role of civil society organisations in forms of governance that aim to address the health, environmental sustainability, and equity issues created by contemporary food systems. However, this is an under-researched topic in Australia. Methods: As part of a broader project, this study explored the role of Australian civil society organisations in food system governance. Through email invitation and social media recruitment, Australian organisations were invited to complete an online survey that explored their food system focus, primary activities, level of operation, partnerships, policy priorities, perceived benefits, and enablers of/barriers to participation in food system governance. Results: Thirty-six organisations responded, including non-government organisations/charities, social enterprises, and coalitions. The sectors in which organisations were commonly involved were education, food security, sustainability/environment, policy advocacy, and food waste/circular economies. Most organisations’ activities spanned multiple levels of governance. The availability of funding, and support from other stakeholders were important enablers for organisations engaged in food system governance. Conclusions: Increased recognition, resources and support from government, funding bodies and community members is essential for strengthening the role of civil society organisations in creating a healthier, more sustainable, and fairer food system. Learning objectives: Civil society organisations play an important role in addressing contemporary food system challenges. This study represents a first step in understanding the range of activities and functions performed by civil society organisations in food system governance in Australia, and how their role in this area might be strengthened.