In many countries, city and municipal governments play a critical role in the governance of urban food systems and have introduced a range of measures that aim to improve local food security and nutrition, as well as food system resilience, sustainability, and equity. Recognising its environmental, social, and democratic potential, local (rather than state or national) governments have often been at the forefront of governance efforts to facilitate urban agriculture, and they are uniquely placed to do so, given their proximity to local communities, their capacity to foster deliberative local policy making, and the relevance of their legislative powers and functions to land management and food growing. While there is growing interest in the how Australian local governments might best support urban agriculture, there have been few attempts to systematically and comprehensively analyse their activities in this area. This paper presents a sub-set of findings from a larger research project that identified and analysed all NSW and Victorian local government policies concerned with creating healthy, sustainable, and equitable food systems. Drawing on this policy mapping exercise, the paper describes how local governments in NSW and Victoria currently support urban agriculture, including the extent of policies, programs and initiatives on topics such as community gardens and other forms of gardening on council-owned or managed land, private food growing, composting, and other forms of waste recycling. The paper will categorise the types of governance measures used by local governments to facilitate urban agriculture and reflect on the barriers (and enablers) that local governments might experience in doing so. Finally, the paper will identify opportunities for strengthening the role of local governments in facilitating and encouraging urban agriculture in Australia, focusing on legislative and policy frameworks at state and local levels.